As I explained before, it is particularly important to understand and to memorize essential key words and sentences (or formulae) for learning any subject. I have also emphasized that it is indispensable to read, listen to, write, and say these key words, sentences, and formulae for effective memory of them. This time, I would like to mention mind mapping and underlining as effective methods of reading, listening to, writing, and speaking them.

Mind mapping is to connect these key words, sentences, and formulae with lines to describe the relationships among them. If these relationships are clearly described in your notes and mind, you will be able to pick up any key word, sentence, and formula, whenever you need to use it. This is because, the lines always bring your mind from one concept to another concept. It is much better than to understand or memorize them separately.

Keywords: mind mapping, connect these key words, sentences, and formulae with lines, the relationships among them

At first, you need to choose a good textbook for you with which you study a subject. Next, I recommend that you should create a mind map for the table of contents. You will get a whole picture of the subject in the textbook. Then, you should make a mind map for each section in the textbook. This process might be look time-consuming, but this will provide you with effective memory. You will be able to review the subject very quickly by using your mind map notes.

Furthermore, it is better to practice presentation to explain the subject by using your mind map notes. You can check which parts you have well understood or not in the subject. It is also a good method that you record your presentation and listen to your lecture.

Keywords: the table of contents, each section, presentation

In addition, you should underline these essential key words, sentences, and formulae in the textbook. After the underlining, you can read them carefully as well as skim the other parts. Skimming the other parts enables you to imagine and understand the meaning of these key words, sentences, and formulae more clearly.

I have always obtained good score in any exam by mind mapping, underlining, and working on practice questions (particularly, old exam papers). I also underlined important parts in my answer for these practice questions.

Keywords: underline, read carefully, skim the other parts